A new method to accelerate depth extraction for aperture-coded camera

Depth extraction, or the retrieval of three-dimensional information of the captured scene from camera, is an important problem in computer vision and image processing. The aperture-coded camera has certain advantages in depth extraction. However, such calculation will cost huge time as it contains weighted iterative deconvolution. In order to solve the problem, this paper proposes an improved algorithm in which the image is firstly segmented and then the small image regions are sampled for deconvolution and depth judgment. Experimental results prove that the proposed method can greatly reduce time consumption and save computer memory. On this basis, by using the characteristics of aperture-coded camera obtaining image and depth, we propose a framework to handle the application of stitching the images of occluded scene, and then carry out experiments.     

Information-theoretical complexity for the hydrogenic abstraction reaction

In this work, we have investigated the complexity of the hydrogenic abstraction reaction by means of information functionals such as disequilibrium (D), exponential entropy (L), Fisher information (I), power entropy (J) and joint information-theoretic measures, i.e. the I–D, D–L and I–J planes and the Fisher–Shannon and López–Mancini–Calbet (LMC) shape complexities. The analysis of the information-theoretical functionals of the one-particle density was computed in position (r) and momentum (p) space. The analysis revealed that all of the chemically significant regions can be identified from the information functionals and most of the information-theoretical planes, i.e. the reactant/product regions (R/P), the transition state (TS), including those that are not present in the energy profile such as the bond cleavage energy region (BCER), and the bond breaking/forming regions (B–B/F). The analysis of the complexities shows that, in position as well as in the joint space, the energy profile of the abstraction reaction bears the same information-theoretical features as the LMC and FS measures. We discuss why most of the chemical features of interest, namely the BCER and B–B/F, are lost in the energy profile and that they are only revealed when particular information-theoretical aspects of localizability (L or J), uniformity (D) and disorder (I) are considered.     

Preconcentration and Separation of Gold(III) from Ore Samples by Solid-Phase Extraction Prior to Its Catalytic Fluorescent Determination

ABSTRACT

A new catalytic kinetic fluorescent quenching method for the determination of trace gold(III) was investigated. The method was based on the catalytic effect of gold on oxidation of 3-(3′-methylphenyl)-5- (2′-arsenoxylphenylazo) rhodanine by hydrogen peroxide in potassium hydrogen phthalate–hydrochloric acid (pH = 3.4). Under the optimum conditions, the great decrease of fluorescence intensity has a linear relationship against the concentration of gold in the range of 0 to 12.0 µg·L^?1 with a detection limit of 6.0 × 10^?10g·L^?1. The coexistent metal ions can be separated, and gold can be enriched by TBP resin of solid-phase extraction, which greatly improves the selectivity and sensitivity of the system. The method can be used to determine trace amounts of gold in ore samples successfully with satisfactory results.     

Markov chain order estimation with conditional mutual information

We introduce the Conditional Mutual Information (CMI) for the estimation of the Markov chain order. For a Markov chain of K$K$ symbols, we define CMI of order m$m$, _Ic(m)$I_c\left(m\right)$, as the mutual information of two variables in the chain being m$m$ time steps apart, conditioning on the intermediate variables of the chain. We find approximate analytic significance limits based on the estimation bias of CMI and develop a randomization significance test of _Ic(m)$I_c\left(m\right)$, where the randomized symbol sequences are formed by random permutation of the components of the original symbol sequence. The significance test is applied for increasing m$m$ and the Markov chain order is estimated by the last order for which the null hypothesis is rejected. We present the appropriateness of CMI-testing on Monte Carlo simulations and compare it to the Akaike and Bayesian information criteria, the maximal fluctuation method (Peres–Shields estimator) and a likelihood ratio test for increasing orders using ?$?$-divergence. The order criterion of CMI-testing turns out to be superior for orders larger than one, but its effectiveness for large orders depends on data availability. In view of the results from the simulations, we interpret the estimated orders by the CMI-testing and the other criteria on genes and intergenic regions of DNA chains.     

Quantum Prisoner’s Dilemma game on hypergraph networks

We study the possible advantages of adopting quantum strategies in multi-player evolutionary games. We base our study on the three-player Prisoner’s Dilemma (PD) game. In order to model the simultaneous interaction between three agents we use hypergraphs and hypergraph networks. In particular, we study two types of networks: a random network and a SF-like network. The obtained results show that in the case of a three-player game on a hypergraph network, quantum strategies are not necessarily stochastically stable strategies. In some cases, the defection strategy can be as good as a quantum one.     

麦克斯韦妖与信息处理的物理极限

文章系统地评述了麦克斯韦妖佯谬相关的热力学基本观念的发端、历史沿革以及当前正在发展的科学前沿问题。文章作者从以下两个方面详细地阐述了为什么信息处理过程本质上是一个与麦克斯韦妖观念相“纠缠”的物理过程：(1)信息认知和提取可以辅助物理系统更有效地做功;(2)物理定律会对信息处理过程施加一个不可逾越的物理极限。这些分析与概念的澄清将有助于正确理解计算过程和热力学之间的关系。     

Induced entanglement revival and entanglement protection in a two qubit system

A system of two initially entangled qubits interacting with a bosonic environment is considered. The interaction induces a loss of the initial entanglement of the two qubits, and for specific initial states it causes entanglement sudden death. An investigation of the modifications on the entanglement dynamics by a single pulse control field, performed in the two qubit system, shows that the control field can not only protect entangled states against sudden death but also induce a revival of entanglement in the two qubit system.